Leagues
Format Odds
NEW: Bookmakers
We use cookies. By browsing our website, you agree to our cookie policy. Privacy & cookie policy

Parma - Torino 29.09.2025

Round 5

Statistics Parma vs Torino

1.34 Expected goals (xG) stat-tooltip-icon Expected goals xG - measures the quality of a scoring chance and the probability of it becoming a goal. It's calculated from factors like shot location, angle, distance, assist type, and defensive pressure. Each shot gets a value from 0 to 1; a team's total xG is the sum of all its shots. A penalty is usually worth ~0.79–0.80. Higher xG = better chances, regardless of whether goals were actually scored. 0.76
37% Ball possession 63%
2 Big chances stat-tooltip-icon Big chances - counts clear scoring opportunities where a goal is highly expected. These are situations like one-on-one with the goalkeeper, close-range shots with little defensive pressure, or shots into an open goal. 0
13 Total shots 15
2 Shots on goal 4
7 Shots off goal 3
6 Shots inside the Box 8
7 Shots outside the Box 7
0.79 xG on target (xGOT) stat-tooltip-icon xG on target (xGOT) - measures the likelihood that a shot on target results in a goal. Unlike xG (which evaluates the chance before the shot), xGOT assesses execution - shot placement, goalkeeper position, etc. - after the ball is struck. Only shots on target are included, each valued 0–1. A team's total xGOT is the sum of all its on-target shots. 0.93
4 Blocked shots 8
1 Headed goals 0
12 Touches in the opposition Box 39
1 Offsides 1
12 Free kicks 10
4 Corner kicks 3
16 Throw ins 18
10 Fouls 12
0 Errors leading to shot 2
3 Yellow cards 3
49 Duels won 53
9/15 (60%) Tackles 10/16 (63%)
31 Clearances 28
5 Interceptions 6
195/270 (72%) Passes 363/442 (82%)
17/47 (36%) Long Passes 25/67 (37%)
41/79 (52%) Passes in final third 92/122 (75%)
0.25 Expected assists (xA) stat-tooltip-icon Expected assists (xA) - measures the likelihood that a completed pass will become an assist for a goal. It evaluates the quality of the pass based on factors like its placement, trajectory, speed, the receiver's position, defensive pressure, and the overall attacking context. Each key pass receives a value between 0 and 1; a player's or team's total xA is the sum of these values. Higher xA indicates better chance creation, even if the subsequent shot is missed or saved. 0.68
4/11 (36%) Crosses 8/29 (28%)
3 Goalkeeper saves 1
0.93 xGOT faced stat-tooltip-icon xGOT faced - total number of goals a goalkeeper would be expected to concede based on the volume and quality of on-target shots faced. Each shot's quality is assessed using post-shot factors: placement, goalkeeper positioning, shot speed, etc. xGOT Faced for a team equals the opposing team's total xGOT from shots on target. It serves as the benchmark for calculating Goals Prevented. 0.79
-0.07 Goals prevented stat-tooltip-icon Goals prevented - measures how many goals a goalkeeper saved compared to expectation. It is calculated as the difference between xGOT Faced (the total post-shot expected goals of all on-target shots faced) and the actual number of goals conceded (excluding own goals). A higher positive value indicates the goalkeeper performed above average, preventing more goals than expected from the quality of shots faced. A negative value means more goals were conceded than the shots "deserved. -1.21

Head To Head

Wins
Draws
Wins
1
2
2
Goals
5
8
All matches

Standings

Team G W D L S C Pt
1. Inter
38 27 6 5 89 35 87
2. Napoli
38 23 7 8 58 36 76
3. Roma
38 23 4 11 59 31 73
4. Como 1907
38 20 11 7 65 29 71
5. Milan
38 20 10 8 53 35 70
6. Juventus
38 19 12 7 61 34 69
7. Atalanta
38 15 14 9 51 36 59
8. Bologna 1909
38 16 8 14 49 46 56
9. Lazio
38 14 12 12 41 40 54
10. Udinese Calcio
38 14 8 16 45 48 50
11. Sassuolo Calcio
38 14 7 17 46 50 49
12. Torino
38 12 9 17 44 63 45
13. Parma
38 11 12 15 28 46 45
14. Cagliari Calcio
38 11 10 17 40 53 43
15. Fiorentina
38 9 15 14 41 50 42
16. Genoa
38 10 11 17 41 51 41
17. Lecce
38 10 8 20 28 50 38
18. Cremonese
38 8 10 20 32 57 34
19. Hellas Verona
38 3 12 23 25 61 21
20. Pisa 1909
38 2 12 24 26 71 18
  Promotion to Champions League
  Promotion to UEFA Europa League
  Promotion to Conference League Qualification
  Relegation

Top Scorers

Parma Parma
#
Goals
  • 9 Pellegrino M.
    9
  • 10 Bernabe A.
    3
  • 15 Del Prato E.
    2
  • 7 Strefezza G.
    2
  • 23 Elphege N.
    2
  • 10 Cutrone P.
    1
  • 3 Circati A.
    1
  • 7 Benedyczak A.
    1
  • 22 Sorensen O.
    1
  • 24 Ordonez C.
    1
Torino Torino
#
Goals
  • 18 Simeone G.
    11
  • 10 Vlasic N.
    8
  • 19 Adams C.
    6
  • 22 Casadei C.
    6
  • 91 Zapata D.
    3
  • 13 Maripan G.
    2
  • 16 Ngonge C.
    1
  • 23 Coco S.
    1
  • 4 Prati M.
    1
  • 92 Njie A.
    1

Statistics from 25/26 season of Serie A

Chat

No messages

Be the first to start the conversation in Livescore Chat!

Text commentary

Overall
PAR
TOR
[12:30:41]` A coin toss
Collu Guiseppe signals the start, and Torino takes control at Ennio Tardini.
8’` Free kick image
A dangerous move halted, and Parma gets a free kick thanks to Pellegrino Mateo (Torino)’s effort.
16’` Free kick image
A dangerous move halted, and Parma gets a free kick thanks to Ndiaye Niakhate (Torino)’s effort.
image 16’` Caution
Ndiaye Niakhate (Parma) sees yellow from Collu Guiseppe, a warning for Parma at Ennio Tardini.
image 17’` Goal kick
Torino gets a goal kick as The player Parma clears the danger in front of Ennio Tardini’s fans.
20’` Corner kick image
The ball deflects off Asllani Kristjan (Torino), giving Parma a corner kick in front of the Ennio Tardini crowd.
29’` Corner kick image
Collu Guiseppe points to the corner flag as Torino prepares to take it, thanks to Asllani Kristjan (Torino).
image 30’` Free kick
Collu Guiseppe awards a free kick to Parma after a foul by Ngonge Cyril (Parma) in the Ennio Tardini midfield.
30’` Caution image
Ngonge Cyril (Torino) sees yellow from Collu Guiseppe, a warning for Parma at Ennio Tardini.
31’` Goal kick image
The Collu Guiseppe signals a goal kick for Parma, with The footballer Torino ready to send it long.
image 36’` Scored penalty shot 1 — 0
Parma takes the lead as Pellegrino Mateo (Parma) nails the penalty kick at Ennio Tardini.
image 39’` Free kick
Torino is set to take a free kick after Casadei Cesare (Parma) is brought down near Ennio Tardini’s stands.
41’` Goal kick image
Parma prepares for a goal kick at Ennio Tardini as FC player Torino lines up to restart play.
image 43’` Goal kick
Torino gets a goal kick as FC player Parma clears the danger in front of Ennio Tardini’s fans.
45 + 1’` Extra Time
Torino faces {Addtime} minutes of stoppage time, as decided by Collu Guiseppe at Ennio Tardini.
image 45 + 2’` Free kick
Collu Guiseppe awards a free kick to Parma after a foul by Asllani Kristjan (Parma) in the Ennio Tardini midfield.
image 45 + 3’` Free kick
Collu Guiseppe signals a free kick for Parma as Ismajli Ardian (Parma) protests the decision.
45 + 3’` Goal kick image
Torino gets a goal kick as FC player Torino clears the danger in front of Ennio Tardini’s fans.
[13:18:57]` Half-time
At the sound of the whistle, the players take a break—half-time arrives with the score at 1:0. Both Parma and Torino use this time to refresh tactics.
[13:35:05]` Start of the second half-time
Collu Guiseppe kicks off the second half at Ennio Tardini, with Parma on the attack.
image 47’` Corner kick
Valeri Emanuele (Parma) wins a corner for Parma, setting up an opportunity at Ennio Tardini.
47’` Free kick image
Torino is set to take a free kick after Pellegrino Mateo (Torino) is brought down near Ennio Tardini’s stands.
image 49’` Free kick
Collu Guiseppe signals a free kick for Parma as Simeone Giovanni (Parma) protests the decision.
50’` Goal 1 — 1 image
Parma takes the lead thanks to Coco Saul’s assist to Ngonge Cyril (Torino), thrilling Ennio Tardini.
image 51’` Goal kick
The player Parma steps up for Parma’s goal kick, aiming to shift momentum at Ennio Tardini.
image 53’` Corner kick
A corner is awarded to Torino after a strong move by Oristanio Gaetano (Parma) near the goal line.
53’` Free kick image
Britschgi Sascha (Torino) steps up to take a free kick for Torino as tension builds at Ennio Tardini.
54’` Free kick image
Oristanio Gaetano (Torino) steps up to take a free kick for Torino as tension builds at Ennio Tardini.
image 56’` Corner kick
Valeri Emanuele (Parma) wins a corner for Parma, setting up an opportunity at Ennio Tardini.
57’` Free kick image
Pellegrino Mateo (Torino) steps up to take a free kick for Torino as tension builds at Ennio Tardini.
image 58’` Coach makes sub
Parma swaps The FC footballer Parma out, shaking things up at Ennio Tardini.
image 59’` Goal kick
Torino gets a goal kick as FC player Parma clears the danger in front of Ennio Tardini’s fans.
60’` Free kick image
Pellegrino Mateo (Torino) steps up to take a free kick for Torino as tension builds at Ennio Tardini.
image 60’` Yellow card
Torino’s Pellegrino Mateo (Parma) is cautioned by Collu Guiseppe, a yellow at Ennio Tardini.
image 62’` Goal kick
The Collu Guiseppe signals a goal kick for Parma, with The FC footballer Parma ready to send it long.
64’` Goal kick image
Torino gets a goal kick as FC player Torino clears the danger in front of Ennio Tardini’s fans.
65’` Free kick image
Del Prato Enrico (Torino) steps up to take a free kick for Torino as tension builds at Ennio Tardini.
image 66’` Goal kick
Torino gets a goal kick as FC player Parma clears the danger in front of Ennio Tardini’s fans.
image 67’` Free kick
Ngonge Cyril (Parma) steps up to take a free kick for Torino as tension builds at Ennio Tardini.
image 68’` Free kick
Collu Guiseppe awards a free kick to Parma after a foul by Coco Saul (Parma) in the Ennio Tardini midfield.
68’` Caution image
Parma’s Nkounkou Niels (Torino) earns a yellow card, noted by Collu Guiseppe at Ennio Tardini.
69’` Goal kick image
Parma prepares for a goal kick at Ennio Tardini as The FC footballer Torino lines up to restart play.
70’` Coach prepares substitution image
Parma swaps The FC footballer Torino out, shaking things up at Ennio Tardini.
70’` Coach prepares substitution image
Parma makes a change at Ennio Tardini, with The footballer Torino coming off the pitch.
image 72’` Corner kick
Parma earns a corner kick as Valeri Emanuele (Parma) forces the ball out of play at Ennio Tardini.
image 72’` Goal 2 — 1
Collu Guiseppe nods as Valeri Emanuele’s assist leads Pellegrino Mateo (Parma) to net one for Parma at Ennio Tardini.
74’` Free kick image
A dangerous move halted, and Parma gets a free kick thanks to Benedyczak Adrian (Torino)’s effort.
77’` Goal kick image
Parma prepares for a goal kick at Ennio Tardini as FC player Torino lines up to restart play.
77’` Coach makes sub image
Parma makes a change at Ennio Tardini, with FC player Torino coming off the pitch.
image 78’` Free kick
A dangerous move halted, and Parma gets a free kick thanks to Ngonge Cyril (Parma)’s effort.
image 81’` Substitution
Collu Guiseppe oversees Torino’s substitution as The footballer Parma leaves the Ennio Tardini field.
image 81’` Coach makes sub
The FC footballer Parma exits for Parma, and Ennio Tardini watches the tactical switch.
82’` Free kick image
Collu Guiseppe awards a free kick to Parma after a foul by Circati Alessandro (Torino) in the Ennio Tardini midfield.
86’` Free kick image
Benedyczak Adrian (Torino) steps up to take a free kick for Torino as tension builds at Ennio Tardini.
87’` Coach makes sub image
Parma swaps The player Torino out, shaking things up at Ennio Tardini.
87’` Substitution image
Parma makes a change at Ennio Tardini, with The footballer Torino coming off the pitch.
image 88’` Goal kick
Parma prepares for a goal kick at Ennio Tardini as The player Parma lines up to restart play.
89’` Goal kick image
Parma prepares for a goal kick at Ennio Tardini as The player Torino lines up to restart play.
90’` Corner kick image
A corner is awarded to Torino after a strong move by Biraghi Cristiano (Torino) near the goal line.
90’` Stoppage time
Torino faces {Addtime} minutes of stoppage time, as decided by Collu Guiseppe at Ennio Tardini.
image 90 + 1’` Yellow card
Collu Guiseppe books Del Prato Enrico (Parma) with a yellow card for Parma at Ennio Tardini.
image 90 + 2’` Coach makes sub
The player Parma is substituted for Torino, as Collu Guiseppe signals at Ennio Tardini.
image 90 + 2’` Free kick
Njie Alieu Eybi (Parma) steps up to take a free kick for Torino as tension builds at Ennio Tardini.
90 + 2’` The yellow card comes on image
Parma’s Njie Alieu Eybi (Torino) earns a yellow card, noted by Collu Guiseppe at Ennio Tardini.
image 90 + 3’` Free kick
Collu Guiseppe signals a free kick for Parma as Biraghi Cristiano (Parma) protests the decision.
image 90 + 4’` Free kick
Collu Guiseppe signals a free kick for Parma as Njie Alieu Eybi (Parma) protests the decision.
[14:25:18]` Full-time
Collu Guiseppe ends proceedings at Ennio Tardini, and Parma vs. Torino is history.
image 16’` Caution
Ndiaye Niakhate (Parma) sees yellow from Collu Guiseppe, a warning for Parma at Ennio Tardini.
image 17’` Goal kick
Torino gets a goal kick as The player Parma clears the danger in front of Ennio Tardini’s fans.
image 30’` Free kick
Collu Guiseppe awards a free kick to Parma after a foul by Ngonge Cyril (Parma) in the Ennio Tardini midfield.
image 36’` Scored penalty shot 1 — 0
Parma takes the lead as Pellegrino Mateo (Parma) nails the penalty kick at Ennio Tardini.
image 39’` Free kick
Torino is set to take a free kick after Casadei Cesare (Parma) is brought down near Ennio Tardini’s stands.
image 43’` Goal kick
Torino gets a goal kick as FC player Parma clears the danger in front of Ennio Tardini’s fans.
image 45 + 2’` Free kick
Collu Guiseppe awards a free kick to Parma after a foul by Asllani Kristjan (Parma) in the Ennio Tardini midfield.
image 45 + 3’` Free kick
Collu Guiseppe signals a free kick for Parma as Ismajli Ardian (Parma) protests the decision.
image 47’` Corner kick
Valeri Emanuele (Parma) wins a corner for Parma, setting up an opportunity at Ennio Tardini.
image 49’` Free kick
Collu Guiseppe signals a free kick for Parma as Simeone Giovanni (Parma) protests the decision.
image 51’` Goal kick
The player Parma steps up for Parma’s goal kick, aiming to shift momentum at Ennio Tardini.
image 53’` Corner kick
A corner is awarded to Torino after a strong move by Oristanio Gaetano (Parma) near the goal line.
image 56’` Corner kick
Valeri Emanuele (Parma) wins a corner for Parma, setting up an opportunity at Ennio Tardini.
image 58’` Coach makes sub
Parma swaps The FC footballer Parma out, shaking things up at Ennio Tardini.
image 59’` Goal kick
Torino gets a goal kick as FC player Parma clears the danger in front of Ennio Tardini’s fans.
image 60’` Yellow card
Torino’s Pellegrino Mateo (Parma) is cautioned by Collu Guiseppe, a yellow at Ennio Tardini.
image 62’` Goal kick
The Collu Guiseppe signals a goal kick for Parma, with The FC footballer Parma ready to send it long.
image 66’` Goal kick
Torino gets a goal kick as FC player Parma clears the danger in front of Ennio Tardini’s fans.
image 67’` Free kick
Ngonge Cyril (Parma) steps up to take a free kick for Torino as tension builds at Ennio Tardini.
image 68’` Free kick
Collu Guiseppe awards a free kick to Parma after a foul by Coco Saul (Parma) in the Ennio Tardini midfield.
image 72’` Corner kick
Parma earns a corner kick as Valeri Emanuele (Parma) forces the ball out of play at Ennio Tardini.
image 72’` Goal 2 — 0
Collu Guiseppe nods as Valeri Emanuele’s assist leads Pellegrino Mateo (Parma) to net one for Parma at Ennio Tardini.
image 78’` Free kick
A dangerous move halted, and Parma gets a free kick thanks to Ngonge Cyril (Parma)’s effort.
image 81’` Substitution
Collu Guiseppe oversees Torino’s substitution as The footballer Parma leaves the Ennio Tardini field.
image 81’` Coach makes sub
The FC footballer Parma exits for Parma, and Ennio Tardini watches the tactical switch.
image 88’` Goal kick
Parma prepares for a goal kick at Ennio Tardini as The player Parma lines up to restart play.
image 90 + 1’` Yellow card
Collu Guiseppe books Del Prato Enrico (Parma) with a yellow card for Parma at Ennio Tardini.
image 90 + 2’` Coach makes sub
The player Parma is substituted for Torino, as Collu Guiseppe signals at Ennio Tardini.
image 90 + 2’` Free kick
Njie Alieu Eybi (Parma) steps up to take a free kick for Torino as tension builds at Ennio Tardini.
image 90 + 3’` Free kick
Collu Guiseppe signals a free kick for Parma as Biraghi Cristiano (Parma) protests the decision.
image 90 + 4’` Free kick
Collu Guiseppe signals a free kick for Parma as Njie Alieu Eybi (Parma) protests the decision.
8’` Free kick image
A dangerous move halted, and Parma gets a free kick thanks to Pellegrino Mateo (Torino)’s effort.
16’` Free kick image
A dangerous move halted, and Parma gets a free kick thanks to Ndiaye Niakhate (Torino)’s effort.
20’` Corner kick image
The ball deflects off Asllani Kristjan (Torino), giving Parma a corner kick in front of the Ennio Tardini crowd.
29’` Corner kick image
Collu Guiseppe points to the corner flag as Torino prepares to take it, thanks to Asllani Kristjan (Torino).
30’` Caution image
Ngonge Cyril (Torino) sees yellow from Collu Guiseppe, a warning for Parma at Ennio Tardini.
31’` Goal kick image
The Collu Guiseppe signals a goal kick for Parma, with The footballer Torino ready to send it long.
41’` Goal kick image
Parma prepares for a goal kick at Ennio Tardini as FC player Torino lines up to restart play.
45 + 3’` Goal kick image
Torino gets a goal kick as FC player Torino clears the danger in front of Ennio Tardini’s fans.
47’` Free kick image
Torino is set to take a free kick after Pellegrino Mateo (Torino) is brought down near Ennio Tardini’s stands.
50’` Goal 0 — 1 image
Parma takes the lead thanks to Coco Saul’s assist to Ngonge Cyril (Torino), thrilling Ennio Tardini.
53’` Free kick image
Britschgi Sascha (Torino) steps up to take a free kick for Torino as tension builds at Ennio Tardini.
54’` Free kick image
Oristanio Gaetano (Torino) steps up to take a free kick for Torino as tension builds at Ennio Tardini.
57’` Free kick image
Pellegrino Mateo (Torino) steps up to take a free kick for Torino as tension builds at Ennio Tardini.
60’` Free kick image
Pellegrino Mateo (Torino) steps up to take a free kick for Torino as tension builds at Ennio Tardini.
64’` Goal kick image
Torino gets a goal kick as FC player Torino clears the danger in front of Ennio Tardini’s fans.
65’` Free kick image
Del Prato Enrico (Torino) steps up to take a free kick for Torino as tension builds at Ennio Tardini.
68’` Caution image
Parma’s Nkounkou Niels (Torino) earns a yellow card, noted by Collu Guiseppe at Ennio Tardini.
69’` Goal kick image
Parma prepares for a goal kick at Ennio Tardini as The FC footballer Torino lines up to restart play.
70’` Coach prepares substitution image
Parma swaps The FC footballer Torino out, shaking things up at Ennio Tardini.
70’` Coach prepares substitution image
Parma makes a change at Ennio Tardini, with The footballer Torino coming off the pitch.
74’` Free kick image
A dangerous move halted, and Parma gets a free kick thanks to Benedyczak Adrian (Torino)’s effort.
77’` Goal kick image
Parma prepares for a goal kick at Ennio Tardini as FC player Torino lines up to restart play.
77’` Coach makes sub image
Parma makes a change at Ennio Tardini, with FC player Torino coming off the pitch.
82’` Free kick image
Collu Guiseppe awards a free kick to Parma after a foul by Circati Alessandro (Torino) in the Ennio Tardini midfield.
86’` Free kick image
Benedyczak Adrian (Torino) steps up to take a free kick for Torino as tension builds at Ennio Tardini.
87’` Coach makes sub image
Parma swaps The player Torino out, shaking things up at Ennio Tardini.
87’` Substitution image
Parma makes a change at Ennio Tardini, with The footballer Torino coming off the pitch.
89’` Goal kick image
Parma prepares for a goal kick at Ennio Tardini as The player Torino lines up to restart play.
90’` Corner kick image
A corner is awarded to Torino after a strong move by Biraghi Cristiano (Torino) near the goal line.
90 + 2’` The yellow card comes on image
Parma’s Njie Alieu Eybi (Torino) earns a yellow card, noted by Collu Guiseppe at Ennio Tardini.

Parma and Torino will play their match on 29 Sep 2025 at 12:30. The game will be held on Ennio Tardini stadium within the Serie A. All interesting information can be found in one place, like Parma vs Torino score, fixtures, statistics, latest score, livescore, and future matches' fixtures.

Match and teams’ info

Parma vs Torino score and info in recent games:
  • Torino - Parma (13.03.2026 | 13 Mar 2026 | 13/03/2026) Stadio Olimpico Grande Torino 4:1 Serie A
  • Parma - Torino (29.09.2025 | 29 Sep 2025 | 29/09/2025) Ennio Tardini 2:1 Serie A
  • Parma - Torino (08.03.2025 | 08 Mar 2025 | 08/03/2025) Ennio Tardini 2:2 Serie A
  • Torino - Parma (05.01.2025 | 05 Jan 2025 | 05/01/2025) Stadio Olimpico Grande Torino 0:0 Serie A
  • Torino - Parma (03.05.2021 | 03 May 2021 | 03/05/2021) Stadio Olimpico Grande Torino 1:0 Serie A

Last played matches of teams:

Parma
  • Parma - Sassuolo Calcio (24.05.2026 | 24 May 2026 | 24/05/2026) Ennio Tardini 1:0 Serie A
  • Como 1907 - Parma (17.05.2026 | 17 May 2026 | 17/05/2026) Stadio Giuseppe Sinigaglia 1:0 Serie A
  • Parma - Roma (10.05.2026 | 10 May 2026 | 10/05/2026) Ennio Tardini 2:3 Serie A
  • Inter - Parma (03.05.2026 | 03 May 2026 | 03/05/2026) Giuseppe Meazza 2:0 Serie A
  • Parma - Pisa 1909 (25.04.2026 | 25 Apr 2026 | 25/04/2026) Ennio Tardini 1:0 Serie A
Torino
  • Torino - Juventus (24.05.2026 | 24 May 2026 | 24/05/2026) Stadio Olimpico Grande Torino 2:2 Serie A
  • Cagliari Calcio - Torino (17.05.2026 | 17 May 2026 | 17/05/2026) Unipol Domus 2:1 Serie A
  • Torino - Sassuolo Calcio (08.05.2026 | 08 May 2026 | 08/05/2026) Stadio Olimpico Grande Torino 2:1 Serie A
  • Udinese Calcio - Torino (02.05.2026 | 02 May 2026 | 02/05/2026) Bluenergy Stadium 2:0 Serie A
  • Torino - Inter (26.04.2026 | 26 Apr 2026 | 26/04/2026) Stadio Olimpico Grande Torino 2:2 Serie A
Parma v Torino score today, 29.09.2025, and full match statistics will be available on fscore.co.tz on any device without registration.